Diagnosing cancer involves several steps and tests, depending on the type and location of the suspected cancer. Here are some common methods used:
Medical History and Physical Examination: Your doctor will start by taking a detailed medical history and performing a physical examination to check for any lumps, abnormalities, or symptoms.
Laboratory Tests: Blood and urine tests can help identify abnormalities that might indicate cancer. For example, certain cancers produce specific markers that can be detected in the blood.
Imaging Tests: These include X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, and ultrasounds, which help visualise the inside of your body to detect tumours or abnormalities.
Biopsy: This is often the definitive test for diagnosing cancer. A small sample of tissue is taken from the suspected area and examined under a microscope to check for cancer cells.
Endoscopy: A procedure where a thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the body to look at internal organs and take tissue samples if necessary.
Genetic Tests: If there’s a family history of cancer, genetic testing might be done to identify inherited mutations that increase cancer risk.
Each of these tests provides crucial information that helps doctors determine the presence and extent of cancer, guiding the treatment plan. If you have any specific symptoms or concerns, it’s best to consult with your healthcare provider for personalised advice.